We’ve all heard the mantra: “Location, location, location!” When you invest in real estate, a great location is often considered the #1 rule for success. But as we’ve all seen in that late-night, drag-out game of Monopoly, location certainly isn’t the only factor at play.
A decade ago, we all learned more than we wanted to know about subprime mortgages. People were investing money they didn’t have using loans they should never have been given. The stage was set for the perfect storm. Home prices started falling, refinancing became difficult (especially with historically high debt-income ratios). Those previously attractive adjustable-rate mortgages began to reset at higher interest rates. Monthly payments rose dramatically and mortgage delinquencies soared. It’s the scenario that led to a shocking 3 Million foreclosures in 2009 followed by a complete overhaul of mortgage banking regulations. It took years for housing prices to climb back out of a deep, black hole—and even longer for people to recover financially and psychologically.
Prior to the housing crash, investing in real estate had almost always been viewed as a solid investment, averaging over 6% for decades. Now that housing prices are on the rise, investors are once again turning their eyes toward rental properties. Many risk-averse investors gravitate to real estate as an attractive proposition. You can feel it. You can see it. When you drive by your property you know your investment is real. But is investing in property the right choice for you?
THE ANSWER DEPENDS ON ONE THING: THE MARGINS
Many real estate investors look at a basic equation, “money in and money out,” when calculating returns. It seems so simple. Purchase a $200k property that generates $1,300/month rent and earn $15,600 a year—it’s a risk free 8% return using borrowed money! But is it? There’s much more to the equation. You have to dive in and look at the details-before you invest in real estate. You may discover the actual margins and return are not as solid as they seem at first glance. Be sure you’re considering these key factors when calculating your actual profit margin:
MAINTENANCE & TURNOVER COSTS
Of course, installing that new water heater costs more than just your time. Plus, your renters may not be very forgiving of an overgrown lawn. Maintaining any property can be expensive, and costs can escalate even further when you experience turnover. Cleaning, marketing, and preparing your property for a new tenant adds up. Every day your real estate is vacant becomes another drain on your margin.
INSURANCE & MORTGAGE EXPENSES
Insurance premiums for rental real estate can run over 20% more than a typical homeowners policy, and additional liability insurance may be required. Also consider that mortgage rates are higher for second (and third and fourth) homes, and require a 20%+ down payment. Creative techniques to use personal lines of credit can be used to mortgage the property, but that means tying up your available credit that may be needed as an emergency fund during leaner times.
LIQUIDITY
Speaking of liquidity, you pay a steep price for being able to ‘touch’ your property. While it may not be a tangible expense, real estate’s lack of liquidity creates costs when you need cash and timing is an issue. In most cases, completing a sale and seeing any cash in your pocket can take several months. That could force you to borrow money to cover expenses. And borrowing may be difficult if you’ve tied up your credit line with property.
WEIGHTING
Many clients ask me, “How much should I invest in property?” Unless you’re building a career in real estate, an age-old rule of thumb is that your net worth should be spread evenly across three areas, with 33% of your equity in each: 1) real estate, 2) partnering with the great companies (i.e., owning equity), and 3) lending to great companies (i.e., owning bonds). And yes, your home must be included in this equation!
ESTATE & LEGAL COMPLEXITY OF INVESTING IN REAL ESTATE
Have you seen what lawyers charge these days? As a landlord, you’ll need legal help to understand your rights. Lawyers will help you draft rental and operating agreements, choose which type of entity should own your properties, and more. If a tenant needs to be evicted or if you have a dispute, legal fees can skyrocket. Plus, estate planning for real estate can get complicated (and expensive) quickly with an LLC or partnership.
CAPITAL GAINS & DEPRECIATION
It’s not uncommon for CPAs to recommend investment property to minimize taxes. However, in reality, when the time comes to cash in your chips and sell that property for college or that summer home you’ve dreamed about for years, all depreciation is essentially recaptured by your diminished basis. Then subtracted from your “earnings” and any return on investment. Capital gains tax ranges from 15% to 20%, so they’re an important part of your real margin. Postponing capital gains is simply robbing Peter to pay Paul…and it all comes around in the end. (Think you’re exempt? If you haven’t lived at a property for at least two of the previous five years, you’ll lose the capital gains tax exemption, which allows individual filers to keep $250,000 of profit from the sale tax-free.)
TAX COMPLEXITY WHEN INVESTING IN REAL ESTATE
It sounds great: write off expenses through the property to avoid Self Employment tax on your income. If you carry a loss, now you have stepped into Passive Loss Land. Income exclusions limits, at-risk rules, passive activity limits, etc. Don’t forget property tax! All of this complexity eats up your valuable time, increases your expenses, and reduces your margins.
COMPENSATION FOR YOUR OWN HOURS WORKED
Here are a couple of questions for you: How much do you make an hour? Is your money working for you, or did you “buy” another job? For example, if you’re earning $150K annually working 40 hours a week (with a few weeks vacation thrown in), you’re making about $78/hour before benefits. It’s not uncommon for property owners to spend several hours a week managing everything. Your new job entails rent collection, fixing water heaters, dealing with vacancies, and processing rental applications. Of course, if you’re paying someone else to manage your property, be sure to subtract management fees from your margin, and include your true hours worked in the equation as well.
So is buying investment property a wise idea? Is it the best way to build wealth? Is rental property really ‘risk averse’? Only if you can be certain that “sure bet” doesn’t turn into a financial drain that steals your precious time, overweights your net worth with investments that lack liquidity, and adds too much complexity to your finances. If you’re not willing to do your homework and consider these important factors, don’t expect ‘location’ to save a poorly planned use of your life savings. Even Park Place won’t win the game if your margins aren’t in line with your costs.
Want help deciding whether investing in real estate is right for you? Contact me to schedule a time to run the numbers.